Question 1

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

Accepted Answer

A)   increasing tubular renin production.
B)   increasing tubular permeability.
C)   increasing osmosis into the tubule cells.
D)   increasing the synthesis of the transport proteins for Na+.
E)   decreasing tubular permeability.F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

The proximal convoluted tubule is

Accepted Answer

A)   lined with epithelial cells that lack microvilli.
B)   the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption.
C)   permeable to water if ADH is present.
D)   impermeable to water.
E)   the site of water secretion.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Trace the path of a red blood cell from the renal artery to the glomerulus.
(1)  Interlobar artery
(2)  Interlobular artery
(3)  Segmental artery
(4)  Arcuate artery
(5)  Afferent arteriole

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B)   1, 4, 2, 3, 5
C)   3, 1, 2, 4, 5
D)   2, 1, 3, 5, 4
E)   1, 4, 3, 2F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

Which muscle is responsible for contraction of the urinary bladder during micturition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Trigone
B)   Internal urinary sphincter
C)   Micturition muscle
D)   Detrusor muscleE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

The inner layer of Bowman capsule consists of specialized cells called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   nephrons
B)   podocytes
C)   nephrocytes
D)   juxtamedullary cells
E)   macula densaF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Passage of proteins into Bowman capsule is prevented by

Accepted Answer

A)   the size of the capillary pores.
B)   the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes.
C)   the size of the proteins.
D)   All of the choices are correct.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?

Accepted Answer

A)   Glomerulus
B)   Proximal convoluted tubule
C)   Distal convoluted tubule
D)   Collecting duct
E)   Nephron loopF) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

A)   Movement of urea from the distal convoluted tubule to the proximal convoluted tubule
B)   Urea movement from the collecting duct to medullary interstitial fluid
C)   Movement of water from the ascending limb into the medullary interstitial fluid
D)   Active transport of Na+ and Cl− from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct
E)   Urea movement into the collecting ductF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Which part of the urinary bladder expands very little during bladder filling?

Accepted Answer

A)   The fundus
B)   The trigone
C)   The neck
D)   Transitional epitheliumE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   renal fraction
B)   filtration fraction
C)   clearance fraction
D)   glomerular flow rate
E)   cardiac fractionF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

Which of the following pressures tends to force fluid from the glomerulus through the filtration membrane into Bowman capsule?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tubular pressure
B)   Capsular pressure
C)   Colloid osmotic pressure
D)   Glomerular capillary pressure
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

Smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles dilate or constrict as needed in response to changes in blood pressure. This process of autoregulation is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   myogenic mechanism
B)   tubular secretion
C)   tubuloglomerular feedback
D)   glomerular filtration
E)   tubular reabsorptionF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

The renal papillae extend into the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cortex
B)   renal columns
C)   minor calyces
D)   major calycesE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR and urine volume?

Accepted Answer

A)   Aldosterone
B)   Antidiuretic hormone
C)   Parathyroid hormone
D)   Norepinephrine
E)   Angiotensin IIF) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

Consumption of alcohol increases urine production by

Accepted Answer

A)   decreasing the blood pressure.
B)   causing retention of Na+.
C)   inhibiting the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary.
D)   stimulating the release of aldosterone from the adrenals.
E)   stimulating the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Arrange the following structures in correct sequence for urine flow.
(1)  Ureter
(2)  Renal pelvis
(3)  Calyx
(4)  Urinary bladder
(5)  Urethra

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B)   3, 2, 1, 4, 5
C)   2, 4, 5, 3, 1
D)   3, 4, 1, 2, 5
E)   1, 3, 2, 4, 5F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 17

Starting from the collecting duct, indicate the order in which urea molecules move to maintain the medullary concentration gradient.
(1)  Ascending limb
(2)  Distal convoluted tubule
(3)  Interstitial fluid
(4)  Collecting duct
(5)  Descending limb

Accepted Answer

A)   2, 5, 1, 4, 3
B)   1, 3, 5, 2, 4
C)   3, 5, 1, 2, 4
D)   4, 2, 1, 3, 5
E)   4, 3, 5, 1, 2F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

Filtrate reabsorption that occurs regardless of the concentration and volume of urine produced is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   active
B)   obligatory
C)   facultative
D)   countercurrent
E)   nonessentialF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 19

Drug companies use which of the following to help them calculate the duration of action of a medication?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plasma clearance
B)   Plasma osmolarity
C)   Tubular maximum
D)   Renal plasma flow
E)   Glomerular filtration rateF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, calculate the net filtration pressure.
Glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg
Blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg
Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg

Accepted Answer

A)   110 mmHg
B)   90 mmHg
C)   50 mmHg
D)   30 mmHg
E)   20 mmHgF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Exam 26: Urinary System

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, calculate the net filtration pressure. Glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg Blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg

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The renal papillae extend into the ________.

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Which muscle is responsible for contraction of the urinary bladder during micturition?

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Which part of the urinary bladder expands very little during bladder filling?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drug companies use which of the following to help them calculate the duration of action of a medication?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The proximal convoluted tubule is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trace the path of a red blood cell from the renal artery to the glomerulus. (1) Interlobar artery (2) Interlobular artery (3) Segmental artery (4) Arcuate artery (5) Afferent arteriole

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which renal structure is responsible for producing hypertonic urine by reabsorbing water while allowing metabolic wastes and NaCl to pass through?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following induces renin secretion, constricts afferent arterioles, and reduces GFR and urine volume?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Starting from the collecting duct, indicate the order in which urea molecules move to maintain the medullary concentration gradient. (1) Ascending limb (2) Distal convoluted tubule (3) Interstitial fluid (4) Collecting duct (5) Descending limb

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consumption of alcohol increases urine production by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The inner layer of Bowman capsule consists of specialized cells called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arrange the following structures in correct sequence for urine flow. (1) Ureter (2) Renal pelvis (3) Calyx (4) Urinary bladder (5) Urethra

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Filtrate reabsorption that occurs regardless of the concentration and volume of urine produced is referred to as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles dilate or constrict as needed in response to changes in blood pressure. This process of autoregulation is called the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Passage of proteins into Bowman capsule is prevented by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pressures tends to force fluid from the glomerulus through the filtration membrane into Bowman capsule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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