Question 1

Drugs that can treat viral infections were discovered about the same time as antibiotics, which are used to treat bacterial infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir have been shown to have the highest effectiveness in reducing….

Accepted Answer

A)   the number of deaths caused by the H5N1 bird influenza.
B)   the number of missed school days by children with influenza.
C)   the number of children who die from chicken pox.
D)   the number of people who get the common cold each year.
E)   the number of people who need to be vaccinated for influenza.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

The chemical structure of ritonavir, an inhibitor of the HIV protease, resembles both the original substrate and the transition state intermediate of the enzyme.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a reason why viral enzymes make good targets for the development of antiviral drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Enzymes inhibitors bind more tightly to their targets than inhibitors of other proteins.
B)   Drug companies have experience designing enzyme inhibitors.
C)   Enzymes normally interact with small molecules.
D)   Enzymes are usually well understood mechanistically.
E)   Enzymes are present in low concentrations within the infected cell.F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 5

Which of the following enzymes from herpes simplex virus is required to activate the antiviral drug acyclovir?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ribonucleotide reductase.
B)   Thymidine kinase.
C)   DNA polymerase.
D)   Nucleoside diphosphate kinase.
E)   Guanine kinase.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

The anti-influenza drug amantadine blocks entry of the virion by raising the pH of the endosome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Explain the targeted-based high throughput screen approach to the discovery of new antiviral drugs.What makes a good viral target for this approach?

Accepted Answer

This approach starts with the identifica...

Question 8

Most of the currently available antiviral drugs target viral genome replication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

How does the capsid-binding drug pleconaril inhibit entry of picornavirus particles?

Accepted Answer

A)   It causes antibodies to bind to the capsid and blocks entry.
B)   It causes the capsid to become degraded by proteases.
C)   It binds to the same location on the capsid as the host cell receptor.
D)   It displaces a lipid normally bound to a pocket on the capsid.
E)   It binds to the envelope of the virus and prevents it from fusing with the plasma membrane.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

The antiviral drug ganciclovir was approved to be used as a treatment for which of the following viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)   HIV
B)   Herpes simplex virus
C)   Varicella-zoster virus
D)   Cytomegalovirus
E)   Vaccinia virusF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Many antiviral drugs, like AZT and acyclovir, belong to which of the following groups of compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nucleotide analogues
B)   Nucleoside analogues
C)   Nonnucleoside inhibitors
D)   Neuraminidase inhibitors
E)   Protease inhibitorsF) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 12

What is the advantage of designing an antiviral drug that inhibits the very early or very late steps of viral replication?

Accepted Answer

A)   The antiviral drug will be in higher concentrations in the body.
B)   The antiviral drug does not need to enter the cell to work.
C)   The antiviral drug will have a higher binding affinity for the viral protein.
D)   The antiviral drug has a higher chance of inhibiting the virus infection.
E)   The antiviral drug will be more easily eliminated from the body.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E) B

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of a good target protein to be used in high throughput screening for potential antiviral compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is an essential protein for virus replication.
B)   It is sufficiently different from cellular proteins.
C)   It can be expressed and purified easily.
D)   It's activity can be assayed for quickly and easily.
E)   All of these are characteristics of a good viral target.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

What is the definition of a therapeutic index when discussing an antiviral drug?

Accepted Answer

A)   The amount of the drug that inhibits the virus replication.
B)   The amount of the drug that is toxic to the host cell.
C)   The amount of the drug that is inhibits viral replication divided by the amount of the drug that is toxic.
D)   The dose that exerts 50% toxic effect divided by the does that exerts a 50% antiviral effect.
E)   The amount of the drug that kills 50% of the hosts.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

The antiviral drug AZT inhibits which enzyme from which virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Protease from HIV
B)   Reverse transcriptase from HIV
C)   Integrase from HIV
D)   Neuraminidase from influenza
E)   DNA polymerase from herpes simplex virusF) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 16

What was the first successful antiviral drug developed and which virus does it inhibit?

Accepted Answer

A)   AZT; HIV.
B)   3TC; hepatitis B virus.
C)   Acyclovir; herpes simplex I.
D)   Amantadine; influenza.
E)   Nevirapine; HIV.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following describes how the nonnucleoside inhibitors of the HIV reverse transcriptase are different than the nucleoside inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

A)   The nonnucleoside inhibitors prevent addition of the next nucleotide.
B)   The nonnucleoside inhibitors do not bind to the active site of the enzyme.
C)   The nonnucleoside inhibitors must be activated by the cellular thymidine kinase.
D)   The nonnucleoside inhibitors prevent synthesis of the reverse transcriptase.
E)   The nonnucleoside inhibitors lack a 3' OH group.F) B) and E)
G) A) and C) B

Question 18

Like other antiviral drugs that inhibit the HIV1 reverse transcriptase, nevirapine is a nucleoside analogue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Describe some of the factors that make drugs to inhibit virus infections harder to develop than the drugs used to fight bacterial infections.

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics that inhibit the replication...

Question 20

The FDA approved the drug raltegravir in 2007 to treat infection with HIV.Which of the HIV enzymes does raltegravir inhibit?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA polymerase
B)   gp120
C)   Reverse transcriptase
D)   Integrase
E)   ProteaseF) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Exam 36: Antiviral Chemotherapy

Drugs that can treat viral infections were discovered about the same time as antibiotics, which are used to treat bacterial infections.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir and oseltamivir have been shown to have the highest effectiveness in reducing….

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The chemical structure of ritonavir, an inhibitor of the HIV protease, resembles both the original substrate and the transition state intermediate of the enzyme.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Which of the following is NOT a reason why viral enzymes make good targets for the development of antiviral drugs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following enzymes from herpes simplex virus is required to activate the antiviral drug acyclovir?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The anti-influenza drug amantadine blocks entry of the virion by raising the pH of the endosome.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the targeted-based high throughput screen approach to the discovery of new antiviral drugs.What makes a good viral target for this approach?

Correct AnswerverifiedThis approach starts with the identifica...View AnswerShow Answer

Most of the currently available antiviral drugs target viral genome replication.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the capsid-binding drug pleconaril inhibit entry of picornavirus particles?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The antiviral drug ganciclovir was approved to be used as a treatment for which of the following viruses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many antiviral drugs, like AZT and acyclovir, belong to which of the following groups of compounds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the advantage of designing an antiviral drug that inhibits the very early or very late steps of viral replication?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following is a characteristic of a good target protein to be used in high throughput screening for potential antiviral compounds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the definition of a therapeutic index when discussing an antiviral drug?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The antiviral drug AZT inhibits which enzyme from which virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the first successful antiviral drug developed and which virus does it inhibit?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following describes how the nonnucleoside inhibitors of the HIV reverse transcriptase are different than the nucleoside inhibitors?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Like other antiviral drugs that inhibit the HIV1 reverse transcriptase, nevirapine is a nucleoside analogue.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe some of the factors that make drugs to inhibit virus infections harder to develop than the drugs used to fight bacterial infections.

Correct AnswerverifiedAntibiotics that inhibit the replication...View AnswerShow Answer

The FDA approved the drug raltegravir in 2007 to treat infection with HIV.Which of the HIV enzymes does raltegravir inhibit?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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True

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This approach starts with the identifica...
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B

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B

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Antibiotics that inhibit the replication...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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