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Learning the following skills will benefit more from viewing a skilled demonstration than from verbal instructions


A) All motor skills
B) All motor skills when verbal instructions are also given
C) Motor skills that require the learning of a new pattern of coordination
D) Motor skills that require the learning of new parameter characteristics

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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An experiment by Green and Flowers,which had participants learn a computer-based catching task,showed that explicit verbal instructions about the rules underlying the movement of the "ball" were better for learning the skill than instructions that established a discovery learning situation.

A) True
B) False

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A term that has been used to describe the type of learning involved when a visual model is used to demonstrate a skill is ________ learning.

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Verbal cues seem to work because they:


A) Direct attention to relevant environmental context information
B) Prompt a specific sequence of movements to be performed
C) Direct attention to relevant environmental context information and prompt a specific sequence of movements to be performed
D) Influence performance in ways researchers have not yet determined

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Verbal instructions that direct the performer's attention to the intended movement outcomes will lead to better learning and performance than instructions that direct attention to the movements used to perform the skill.

A) True
B) False

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Research has shown that beginners who observe other beginners practicing a skill will perform at a higher level when they begin to perform the skill than the beginners they observed.

A) True
B) False

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The terms modeling and observational learning often are used interchangeably with the term demonstration when they refer to the learning of motor skills.

A) True
B) False

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The view of why modeling benefits skill learning that argues that the visual system is capable of automatically processing visual information and constraining the motor system to act accordingly is called the ________ view

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The tendency to perform movements you are intentionally trying to avoid are referred to as:


A) Ironic effects
B) Reversion effects
C) Disruptive effects
D) Choking

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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According to Masters,learners are more likely to perform well when put under pressure if they are encouraged to learn:


A) Implicitly
B) Explicitly
C) Via the use of movement analogies
D) A and C

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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A procedure that some researchers use to investigate the question of what an observer perceives when observing a demonstration is known as the:


A) Invariant feature technique
B) Modeling technique
C) Point-light technique
D) Video temporal occlusion technique

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Verbal cues said out loud while a person is learning or performing a skill can help:


A) Beginners learn a new skill
B) Skilled performers perform well-learned skills
C) Both beginners and skilled performers
D) Neither beginners nor skilled performers

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Demonstration should be the preferred method of providing information about how to perform a motor skill.

A) True
B) False

Correct Answer

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Research that has compared the use of visual and auditory models on learning to move at a criterion speed has shown that the:


A) Visual model was not effective,but the auditory model was
B) Visual model and the auditory model were similarly effective
C) Auditory model was not effective,but the visual model was
D) Auditory model and the visual model were not as effective as the combined visual and auditory model

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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The point-light technique is a procedure that researchers have used to support the hypothesis that observers of skilled demonstrations can detect invariant relationships in coordinated movement.

A) True
B) False

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When learners are able to self-select when they receive a demonstration,they request demonstrations very infrequently.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following attention-related concepts is essential to apply when giving verbal instructions about how to perform a motor skill?


A) Attention switching
B) Limited attention capacity
C) Attentional spotlight
D) All of these

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Research has shown that to achieve the best learning of skills that require both speed and accuracy,the initial verbal instructions should emphasize:


A) Speed rather than accuracy
B) Accuracy rather than speed
C) Both speed and accuracy
D) Either speed or accuracy

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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