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Henry David Thoreau felt that war was unjust and therefore refused to pay his taxes when the United States declared war on Mexico. Thoreau felt that there was a higher law than the law of the land. Which theory of jurisprudence was he applying?


A) Legal positivism
B) Natural law
C) Legal realism
D) Common law

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Lawyers originated in Anglo-Saxon courts, where they were used to mediate disputes.

A) True
B) False

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Antonio assaulted Mark after the two argued about a parking space. The District Attorney's office prosecuted Antonio on assault charges. Subsequently, Mark filed a lawsuit against Antonio for money damages. Classify each legal action.


A) The District Attorney's case was a criminal case; Mark's lawsuit was a civil case.
B) The District Attorney's case was a civil case. Mark's lawsuit was a criminal case.
C) Both cases are criminal.
D) Both cases are civil.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following played a role in the creation of the U.S. government by solving the problem of federalism?


A) The Visigoths
B) The Iroquois Native Americans
C) Confucius
D) Alexis de Tocqueville

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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In 1994, the Arizona Supreme Court decided the case of Hernandez v. Arizona Board of Regents and found a duty of care to avoid furnishing alcohol to underage consumers. If in 2008 a Flagstaff, Arizona, plaintiff brings a lawsuit against an Arizona university's fraternity for providing alcohol to members under the legal drinking age, the Hernandez v. Arizona Board of Regents case will serve as precedent.

A) True
B) False

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